Nanotechnology for medical diagnosis
14 March 2007Nanotechnology is of great use for medical diagnosis and various nanoparticles have exhibited tremendous potential for detecting disease markers, pre-cancerous cells, fragment of viruses and other indicators. Various metal coating and metal nanoparticles functionalized with different biomolecules has been found useful in detecting specific proteins, antibodies and other disease indicators.
Researchers at Harvard University have synthesized a special charged silicon nanowire connected with antibody receptor that can detect the presence of cancer markers in the blood even if the concentration of these antigens (cancer markers) in blood is about hundred- billionth of the protein content. These sensors are much more accurate and much faster than the currently available technology for identifying these antigens and are able to isolate the type of cancer.
Scientists have used a biomolecule coated ultra small super paramagnetic iron oxide particles for detecting cancer cells. The particles were injected in blood stream and the presence of a specific antigen (target molecular marker) induced a specific signal that was detected by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). With the technology scientists are hopeful in detecting cancer cells months or years earlier than the conventional diagnostic tools.
Scientists from Japan’s Osaka University have successfully carried out a study on the application ofnanosphere and have reported that these can be used to deliver nasal vaccinations. The tetanus antigens has attached to the surface of nanosphere and it was introduced to the human immune system through the mucous membrane. The scientists reported a significant more pronounced results with the nanosphere containing tetanus antigen alone.
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