Research on Gold Nanoparticles
17 February 2007Although colloidal gold has been in use since ancient time and it the use of gold nanoparticles is found in treatment of alternate Ayurvedic medicines. The Ayurvedic system of medicine is the traditional medicine system of India and the use of gold nanoparticles in medicine is described in The Vedas, the oldest writing available in world. The use of gold nanoparticle is also cited from fifth century Rome. In the recent past the interest and research in the application areas of gold nanoparticles is continuously growing up and some of the applications are described as below.
The research on gold nanoparticles has established that these can be used for detection of colorimetric oligonuceotides based on the optical properties of gold nanoparticles. The method has certain advantage over conventional sequence specific DNA detection methods currently applied in the diagnosis of genetic diseases. The advantages include many features such as rapid detection, a colorimetric response, little required instrumentation and overall high sensitivity and reliability.
The most important finding by Maxwell in the year 2002 has opened the area of applications of gold nanoparticles for fluorescence assay. Maxwell and his team reported that gold nanoparticles can detect the DNA sequences (single mutation) based on the quenching of florescence emission of fluorophores that are attached to oligonucleotides. The application areas are useful for detecting any genetic mutation in target DNA and will have lots of advantages over the conventional detection methods.
As the gold nanoparticles has unique optical as well as electronic behavior, these gold particles can be used in biosensors. In the year 1996, Chen added 10 nm to 30 nm gold nanoparticles in an existing glucose biosensors and found an enhancement in glucose oxidase activity. Further he and his team reported that 10 nm gold particle causes more increase in glucose oxidase activity compared to 30 nm gold nanoparticle. Thus it was concluded that glucose sensors containing gold nanoparticles enhances the enzymatic activity and therefore can be useful for DNA sensors.
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